Findings highlighted that, besides physical benefits, participants reported significantly more adaptive emotion regulation strategies after both training programs in addition, participants attending OsteoFit reported significantly higher levels of emotional well-being. Physical functioning were evaluated before and after the programs through the Short Physical Performance Battery and the Handgrip Dynamometer Jamar Test. Well-being dimensions were assessed through the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Based on physical and functional assessment, 39 participants joined a program of adapted motor activity (PoliFit Study 1), while 19 participants attended a variant program specifically designed for people with osteoporosis (OsteoFit Study 2). Inclusion criteria for participation comprised high autonomy levels in daily activities, no cognitive impairment, sedentary habits or only occasional performance of moderate physical activity. Based on these premises, the present research aimed at longitudinally evaluating mental well-being among 58 Italian people aged 67–85, who were involved in two Adapted Physical Activity (APA) training programs. Daily physical exercise represents a beneficial and low-cost strategy, easily accessible to the general population and potentially customizable to specific needs through brief training programs. In particular, the regular practice of a moderately intense physical activity is recommended by the World Health Organization to enhance balance, prevent falls, strengthen muscles, and promote psychophysical well-being. Due to the remarkable increase in life expectancy across countries, sustainable prevention strategies are needed to help individuals preserve psychophysical well-being in old age. This relationship is especially relevant in old age, as the challenges posed by aging at various levels represent crucial concerns for policy makers. In the last few decades, the relationship between physical conditions and mental health has increasingly attracted the interest of researchers and professionals across disciplines.
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